The plateau environment is characterized by high altitude, low air pressure, lack of oxygen, high cold, large temperature difference, and strong wind and sand, which are extremely harsh tests for the ventilation and heat dissipation conditions, insulation and protection of motors. If ordinary motors are directly applied to the plateau environment, they may heat up and burn or malfunction frequently due to the deterioration of operating conditions.
The main characteristics of plateau areas are: 1. Low air pressure or air density. 2. Low air temperature and large temperature changes. 3. Low absolute air humidity. 4. High solar radiation. The oxygen content of air at 5000m is only 53% of that at sea level. The altitude has an adverse effect on motor temperature rise, motor corona (high-voltage motor) and commutation of DC motors. The following three aspects should be noted: (1) The higher the altitude, the greater the motor temperature rise and the smaller the output power. However, when the temperature decreases with the increase in altitude to compensate for the effect of altitude on temperature rise, the rated output power of the motor can remain unchanged; (2) Anti-corona measures should be taken when using high-voltage motors on plateaus; (3) Altitude is not conducive to commutation of DC motors, so pay attention to the selection of carbon brush materials.
What is a plateau motor? Plateau motors refer to motors that are used at altitudes higher than 1,000 meters. According to the national industry standard: JB/T7573-94 General Technical Conditions for Electrical Products under Plateau Environmental Conditions, plateau motors are divided into many levels: they are no more than 2,000 meters, 3,000 meters, 4,000 meters, and 5,000 meters. Plateau motors operate at high altitudes. Due to low air pressure and poor heat dissipation conditions, the loss will increase and the operating efficiency will decrease. Therefore, the rated electromagnetic load and heat dissipation design of motors operating at different altitudes are different. For motors that are not high-altitude specifications, it is best to reduce the load appropriately. Otherwise, the life and performance of the motor will be affected, and it may even burn out in a short time. Due to the characteristics of the plateau, the operation of the motor will have the following adverse effects, so corresponding measures should be taken in design and manufacturing: 1. Cause the insulation strength to decrease: For every 1,000 meters increase, the insulation strength will decrease by 8-15%. 2. The breakdown voltage of the electrical gap decreases, so the electrical gap should be increased accordingly according to the altitude. 3. The corona starting voltage is reduced, and anti-corona measures should be strengthened.4. The cooling effect of the air medium is reduced, the heat dissipation capacity is reduced, and the temperature rise increases. For every increase of 1000M, the temperature rise will increase by 3%-10%, so the temperature rise limit should be revised.
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